Comparison between two methods of the immediate post-placental insertion of copper intrauterine device in vaginal birth-a protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Ensuring effective and long-term contraception in the immediate postpartum period is an effective strategy for reducing unplanned pregnancies. In the meantime, the intrauterine device (IUD) is an excellent option. The aim of our study was to evaluate the best way to insert post-placental IUDs in the immediate postpartum period. Discomfort during insertion, expulsion rate, uterine perforation rate, and proper positioning 40-60 days postpartum will be analyzed. METHODS: Randomized, controlled, open clinical trial. The study group will be composed of women between 18 and 43 years old who are admitted for vaginal birth at the Women's Hospital of the State University of Campinas and who wish to use the IUD as a contraceptive method. The sample will be randomized into two insertion groups: manual and forceps. To calculate the sample size, the method of comparing the proportion between 2 groups was used, setting the level of significance alpha at 5% (alpha=0.05) and the power of the sample at 80% (beta=0.20). Based on the results, it was estimated that a sample of n=186 women (n=93 with manual insertion and n=93 with forceps) would be representative for comparison of expulsion between the 2 groups. All participants will undergo a postpartum consultation 40-60 days after birth with transvaginal ultrasound to assess the proper placement of the IUD. DISCUSSION: Insertion of an IUD in the immediate postpartum period has been considered a good option to increase coverage and access to contraception, and its benefit outweighs the inconvenience of a higher expulsion rate. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the Ethics and Research Commission of UNICAMP (CAAE: 50497321.4.0000.5404) and the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) (number RBR-4j62jv6). This is the first version of the study protocol approved on 11/12/2021 prior to the start of participant recruitment.

Acceptability of ENG-releasing subdermal implants among postpartum Brazilian young women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate etonogestrel (ENG)-implant acceptance during the immediate postnatal period among adolescents and young women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to compare variables according to choice and discuss possible implications of this measure during the pandemic period. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. All women aged up to 24 years, who delivered between April 25, 2020, and June 24, 2020, at Women's Hospital, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil were considered. The ENG-implant or other contraceptive methods were offered prior to hospital discharge. The participants were split into two groups: (1) those who chose the ENG-implant and (2) those that refused the implant. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: 151 women were included, with 76.2% selecting the ENG-implant. The average age was 19.5 years; 73.2% of pregnancies were unplanned, 32.5% already had a previous pregnancy, 74% were single, and 75.5% were not in full time education. Further, 70.5% had previously used contraceptives, with 89.1% unsatisfied with their previous method that opted for the ENG-implant (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: Offering the ENG-implant to youths during the immediate postnatal period is evidence-based care, and contraceptive provision is an essential health promotion tool, even during a pandemic. Thinking quickly about public policies in times of crisis is important to guarantee sexual and reproductive rights.

Doulas como gatilho de tensões entre modelos de assistência obstétrica: o olhar dos profissionais envolvidos / Doulas as a tension trigger between obstetric assistance models: the view of the professionals involved

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a percepção dos profissionais de saúde da maior maternidade do estado da Paraíba acerca da inserção das doulas no processo de cuidado. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, com 24 profissionais de saúde, cujo instrumento de coleta de dados foi uma entrevista semiestruturada. O papel da doula na assistência à parturiente foi descrito como: oferta de suporte emocional, físico e de informação. Cada uma dessas dimensões disparou tensões com diferentes personagens envolvidas no parto, como psicólogas, fisioterapeutas e médicas. Nesse cenário, as profissionais tencionam a delimitação de técnicas/conhecimentos privativos de cada categoria, a fim de ratificar sua autonomia frente ao surgimento de mais uma figura no cuidado à gestante, sobretudo quando essa personagem coloca em xeque práticas tradicionalmente executadas na obstetrícia. A gênese dessas tensões vai além da presença de um 'novo' sujeito na cena do parto, mas é um reflexo da conjuntura obstétrica brasileira, permeada por disputas entre modelos de assistência e por espaços de atuação. Também desperta a necessidade de construção de um cuidado compartilhado e centrado na parturiente.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the perception of the healthcare professionals of the largest maternity of the state of Paraíba about the insertion of doulas in the care process. This is a qualitative study, with 24 health care professionals, whose instrument of data production was a semi-structured interview. The role of the doula in the assistance to parturient was described as: offer of emotional, physical and informational support. Each of these dimensions has triggered tensions with different characters involved in childbirth, such as psychologists, physiotherapists and physicians. In this scenario, professionals intend to delimit individual techniques/knowledge of each category, in order to ratify their autonomy in the face of the emergence of another figure in the care of the pregnant woman, especially when this character puts in check practices traditionally executed in obstetrics. The genesis of these tensions goes beyond the presence of a 'new' subject at the delivery scene, but it is a reflection of the brazilian obstetric scenario, permeated by disputes between care models and performance space. It also raises the need to build a shared care and centered on the parturient.

Enfrentamentos do Estudante na Iniciação da Semiologia Médica / Challenges faced by Students when Beginning Medical Semiology

RESUMO Introdução: Uma das maiores expectativas do acadêmico de Medicina é ter contato com o paciente. Tradicionalmente, é na disciplina de Semiologia Médica que este contato se materializa. Este artigo pretende identificar vivências, opiniões e situações adversas enfrentadas por alunos do quarto período a fim de propor estratégias de enfrentamento para esses dilemas na graduação. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, cujos participantes foram 87 alunos do quarto período do curso de graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), que compuseram 12 grupos focais. As discussões foram transcritas para posterior análise. O material produzido foi submetido a uma Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD) simples com auxílio do software Iramuteq versão 0.6. Resultados: A CHD dividiu o corpus em cinco classes: o paciente; o estudante; a metodologia; reconhecimento; o exame físico. Foram relatadas como barreiras nas primeiras vivências do estudante: a escolha dos pacientes para as primeiras anamneses; a sensação de que não está ajudando o paciente; receio de incomodar; dificuldade de distinguir o normal do patológico; problemas na metodologia de ensino; o desafio de lidar com a intimidade emocional e corporal do paciente; dificuldades técnicas no exame físico. Discussão: A percepção de incompetência e de não poder contribuir com o tratamento do paciente gera no estudante ansiedade, angústia, frustrações, insegurança, dúvida e medo, o que dificulta o enfrentamento nos primeiros contatos com o paciente. Tais condições prejudicam tanto o aprendizado, como a saúde mental do aluno e, dependendo de como sejam enfrentadas, podem interferir na formação e na prática médica. Considerações finais: Nos primeiros contatos com o doente, o estudante necessita de habilidades que não se sente capaz de demonstrar. Assim, são vivenciados vários sentimentos, que limitam a construção de um conhecimento que é progressivo, mas que acontece num cenário real, onde as demandas se apresentam de forma integral. Por esse motivo, espaços de diálogo são fundamentais para que os graduandos tenham uma rede de apoio para suprimir o estresse do contato com o paciente e os desafios do seu adoecimento. É necessária maior integração entre docentes e discentes para melhor aproveitamento das aulas em cenários práticos, bem como respeito às limitações próprias do estudante, de forma que este não as entenda como inadequadas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the greatest expectations of the medical student is having contact with the patient. This contact traditionally materializes in the discipline of medical semiology. This article intends to identify the experiences, opinions and adverse situations faced by fourth-semester students in order to propose coping strategies for these dilemmas within undergraduate training. Methodology: A descriptive, qualitative study, with a sample of 87 fourth-semester students from the undergraduate medical course at UFPB, who composed 12 focus groups. The discussions were transcribed for further analysis. The material produced was submitted for simple Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC) with the aid of Iramuteq software version 0.6. Results: DHC split the corpus into five classes: Patient; Student; Methodology; Recognition; and Physical Examination. The students reported the following as barriers in their initial experiences: choice of patients for the first anamneses; believing that they were not helping the patient; fear of disturbing the patient; difficulty in distinguishing between what is normal and what is pathological; problems in the teaching methodology; the challenge of dealing with the emotional; and physical contact with the patient and technical difficulties in the physical examination. Discussion: Feeling incompetent and incapable of helping to treat the patient causes anxiety, anguish, frustration, insecurity, doubt and fear in the student, making it difficult to cope in their initial contact with patients. Such conditions undermine both the learning and mental health of the student and, depending on how they are dealt with, may interfere in their medical training and practice. Final considerations: Upon first contact with the patient the student needs skills that he or she does not feel capable of performing. Thus, several feelings are experienced that limit the learning process, which is progressive, but happens in a real life scenario, where demands are presented in a comprehensive manner. For this reason, platforms for discussion are fundamental for student doctors to have a support network to resolve the stress of contact with the patient and the challenges of dealing with their illnesses. Greater integration between teachers and students is necessary for the best use of classes in practical settings, as well as respect for the student's own limitations, so that they are not deemed as inadequate.

Doulas como dispositivos para humanização do parto hospitalar: do voluntariado à mercantilização / Doulas as devices for humanization of hospital delivery: from volunteering to commercialization

RESUMO O artigo analisa, a partir da perspectiva das doulas, sua inserção na assistência ao parto em hospital público de João Pessoa. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, que utilizou a Tenda do Conto, com seis doulas, para a produção de dados, em 2017. A inserção das doulas no hospital não foi resultante de uma mudança de paradigma assistencial, produzindo resistências. Num cenário hostil à sua atuação, as doulas funcionam como gatilho de tensões entre modelos de cuidado divergentes, o que gera sofrimento nas próprias doulas, demandando estratégias de enfrentamento, a saber: afastarem-se do voluntariado; tornarem-se institucionalizadas; ou serem cooptadas pelo mercado do parto humanizado no âmbito privado.

ABSTRACT The article analyzes, from the perspective of the doulas, its insertion in childbirth care in a public hospital in João Pessoa. This is a qualitative study, which used the Tenda do Conto with six doulas, for data production, in 2017. The insertion of the doulas in the hospital was not a result of a change in the assistance paradigm, producing resistance. In a hostile scenario to their performance, doulas act as a trigger for tensions between divergent care models, which generates suffering in the doulas themselves, demanding strategies of coping, namely: withdraw from volunteering; become institutionalized; or be co-opted by the humanizing delivery market in the private sphere.